What causes tooth sensitivity and how is it treated?

Tooth sensitivity is caused by exposure of the underlying layer of the tooth known as dentin. Dentin is penetrated by microscopic channels called tubules. When the tubules are exposed, stimuli such as cold and sweets can penetrate to the pulp of the tooth, where the nerves are found, resulting in sensitivity.

Some of the causes of sensitivity include: tooth bleaching agents, toothpaste additives (not fluoride), gum recession, excessive plaque on teeth, overzealous brushing, cracked teeth, and acidic foods.  Tooth grinding also can result in exposed dentin and contribute to sensitivity.

Sensitivity can be treated in a number of ways. The most fundamental thing is to maintain good brushing and flossing habits. Ceasing use of the causative agent combined with use of a anti-sensitivity toothpaste works well.  Severe cases may require use of a prescription anti-sensitivity agent. A custom mouth guard will protect the teeth from grinding if that’s the cause of sensitivity.